You're quite right in your original post, that stopping the low frequencies (Bass!) is the difficult, if not impossible part.
Treble and midrange frequencies can be stopped/reduced by any "absorbant" material, such as the old cardboard eggboxes, foam rubber, carpet tiles, blankets, etc etc.... this is due to Treble and midrange frequencies mainly "airbourne".
Bass, however travels alot through floors and walls in the form of vibrations and theres not alot that you can do (especially on a temporary basis) which will prevent vibrations.
So...If Bass is (part of) the problem, I'd recommend that you attack the problem at source...(or course in these hot summer nights, when both you and your neighbours are likely to have all the windows open, then treble and midrange could be the bigger problem)
Some Options:
1) Mix/practice using headphones....especially easy if your mixer has a "Split Cue" facility, where "what the audience hears" is played thru one ear, but the cue'd channel is played through your other ear. No speakers needed...so no escaping noise.
2) Use several pairs of tiny, little speakers around you, rather than a single pair of the type that would have impressed the guys that put up Stonehenge...

Each speaker will produce less vibration/noise, so theres less to escape.
3) Slip sleeping tablets into the neighbours water supplies...
4) Turn down the volume, but move the speakers closer to you...more to EAR height too, if you can.
5) The "Rent-a-Rasta" plan....get some tall, dark guy with a dummy "Boom box/ghetto blaster" to walk around outside/lean on lamposts while smoking, and bobbing his head etc... everyone will think that the sounds are coming from him.